List of Countries with E-1 and E-2 Treaties with U.S.

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The Signet Law Firm has compiled a list of the countries who have signed treaties of friendship, commerce and navigation with the United States as of: October 2023. This list may or may not be updated to reflect new treaties or amendments.
Explanation:
1. A treaty can enable issuance of the E-1 Treaty Traders Visa, or the E-2 Treaty Investors Visa, or both. In the list below, each visa is separately listed. Argentina, for example, contains two entries.
2. Australia is listed three times. There is an entirely separate treaty program for the E-3 visa.
3. The notes below the list are very important. Please read them if they pertain to your country of interest.

Albania

E-2

January 4, 1998

Argentina

E-1

December 20, 1854

Argentina

E-2

December 20, 1854

Armenia

E-2

March 29, 1996

Australia

E-1

December 16, 1991

Australia

E-2

December 27, 1991

Australia 12

E-3

September 2, 2005

Austria

E-1

May 27, 1931

Austria

E-2

May 27, 1931

Azerbaijan

E-2

August 2, 2001

Bahrain

E-2

May 30, 2001

Bangladesh

E-2

July 25, 1989

Belgium

E-1

October 3, 1963

Belgium

E-2

October 3, 1963

Bolivia

E-1

November 09, 1862

Bolivia 13

E-2

June 6, 2001

Bosnia and Herzegovina 11

E-1

November 15, 1982

Bosnia and Herzegovina 11

E-2

November 15, 1982

Brunei

E-1

July 11, 1853

Bulgaria

E-2

June 2, 1954

Cameroon

E-2

April 6, 1989

Canada

E-1

January 1, 1994

Canada

E-2

January 1, 1994

Chile

E-1

January 1, 2004

Chile

E-2

January 1, 2004

China (Taiwan) 1

E-1

November 30, 1948

China (Taiwan) 1

E-2

November 30, 1948

Colombia

E-1

June 10, 1948

Colombia

E-2

June 10, 1948

Congo (Brazzaville)

E-2

August 13, 1994

Congo (Kinshasa)

E-2

July 28, 1989

Costa Rica

E-1

May 26, 1852

Costa Rica

E-2

May 26, 1852

Croatia 11

E-1

November 15, 1982

Croatia 11

E-2

November 15, 1982

Czech Republic 2

E-2

January 1, 1993

Denmark 3

E-1

July 30, 1961

Denmark

E-2

December 10, 2008

Ecuador 14

E-2

May 11, 1997

Egypt

E-2

June 27, 1992

Estonia

E-1

May 22, 1926

Estonia

E-2

February 16, 1997

Ethiopia

E-1

October 8, 1953

Ethiopia

E-2

October 8, 1953

Finland

E-1

August 10, 1934

Finland

E-2

December 1, 1992

France 4

E-1

December 21, 1960

France 4

E-2

December 21, 1960

Georgia

E-2

August 17, 1997

Germany

E-1

July 14, 1956

Germany

E-2

July 14, 1956

Greece

E-1

October 13, 1954

Grenada

E-2

March 3, 1989

Honduras

E-1

July 19, 1928

Honduras

E-2

July 19, 1928

Ireland

E-1

September 14, 1950

Ireland

E-2

November 18, 1992

Israel 15

E-1

April 3, 1954

Israel 15

E-2

May 1, 2019

Italy

E-1

July 26, 1949

Italy

E-2

July 26, 1949

Jamaica

E-2

March 7, 1997

Japan 5

E-1

October 30, 1953

Japan 5

E-2

October 30, 1953

Jordan

E-1

December 17, 2001

Jordan

E-2

December 17, 2001

Kazakhstan

E-2

January 12, 1994

Korea (South)

E-1

November 7, 1957

Korea (South)

E-2

November 7, 1957

Kosovo 11

E-1

November 15, 1882

Kosovo 11

E-2

November 15, 1882

Kyrgyzstan

E-2

January 12, 1994

Latvia

E-1

July 25, 1928

Latvia

E-2

December 26, 1996

Liberia

E-1

November 21, 1939

Liberia

E-2

November 21, 1939

Lithuania

E-2

November 22, 2001

Luxembourg

E-1

March 28, 1963

Luxembourg

E-2

March 28, 1963

Macedonia 11

E-1

November 15, 1982

Macedonia 11

E-2

November 15, 1982

Mexico

E-1

January 1, 1994

Mexico

E-2

January 1, 1994

Moldova

E-2

November 25, 1994

Mongolia

E-2

January 1, 1997

Montenegro 11

E-1

November 15, 1882

Montenegro 11

E-2

November 15, 1882

Morocco

E-2

May 29, 1991

Netherlands 6

E-1

December 5, 1957

Netherlands 6

E-2

December 5, 1957

New Zealand 16

E1

June 10, 2019

New Zealand 16

E2

June 10, 2019

Norway 7

E-1

January 18, 1928

Norway 7

E-2

January 18, 1928

Oman

E-1

June 11, 1960

Oman

E-2

June 11, 1960

Pakistan

E-1

February 12, 1961

Pakistan

E-2

February 12, 1961

Panama

E-2

May 30, 1991

Paraguay

E-1

March 07, 1860

Paraguay

E-2

March 07, 1860

Philippines

E-1

September 6, 1955

Philippines

E-2

September 6, 1955

Poland

E-1

August 6, 1994

Poland

E-2

August 6, 1994

Romania

E-2

January 15, 1994

Senegal

E-2

October 25, 1990

Serbia 11

E-1

November 15,1882

Serbia 11

E-2

November 15,1882

Singapore

E-1

January 1, 2004

Singapore

E-2

January 1, 2004

Slovak Republic 2

E-2

January 1, 1993

Slovenia 11

E-1

November 15, 1982

Slovenia 11

E-2

November 15, 1982

Spain 8

E-1

April 14, 1903

Spain 8

E-2

April 14, 1903

Sri Lanka

E-2

May 1, 1993

Suriname 9

E-1

February 10, 1963

Suriname 9

E-2

February 10, 1963

Sweden

E-1

February 20, 1992

Sweden

E-2

February 20, 1992

Switzerland

E-1

November 08, 1855

Switzerland

E-2

November 08, 1855

Thailand

E-1

June 8, 1968

Thailand

E-2

June 8, 1968

Togo

E-1

February 5, 1967

Togo

E-2

February 5, 1967

Trinidad & Tobago

E-2

December 26, 1996

Tunisia

E-2

February 7, 1993

Turkey

E-1

February 15, 1933

Turkey

E-2

May 18, 1990

Ukraine

E-2

November 16, 1996

United Kingdom 10

E-1

July 03, 1815

United Kingdom 10

E-2

July 03, 1815

Yugoslavia 11

E-1

November 15, 1882

Yugoslavia 11

E-2

November 15, 1882

Country Specific Footnotes

 

  1. China (Taiwan) – Pursuant to Section 6 of the Taiwan Relations Act, (TRA) Public Law 96-8, 93 Stat, 14, and Executive Order 12143, 44 F.R. 37191, this agreement which was concluded with the Taiwan authorities prior to January 01, 1979, is administered on a nongovernmental basis by the American Institute in Taiwan, a nonprofit District of Columbia corporation, and constitutes neither recognition of the Taiwan authorities nor the continuation of any official relationship with Taiwan.
  2. Czech Repubilc and Slovak Republic – The Treaty with the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic entered into force on December 19, 1992; entered into force for the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic as separate states on January 01, 1993.
  3. Denmark – The Treaty which entered into force on July 30, 1961, does not apply to Greenland.
  4. France – The Treaty which entered into force on December 21, 1960, applies to the departments of Martinique, Guadeloupe, French Guiana and Reunion.
  5. Japan – The Treaty which entered into force on October 30, 1953, was made applicable to the Bonin Islands on June 26, 1968, and to the Ryukyu Islands on May 15, 1972.
  6. Netherlands – The Treaty which entered into force on December 05, 1957, is applicable to Aruba and Netherlands Antilles.
  7. Norway – The Treaty which entered into force on September 13, 1932, does not apply to Svalbard (Spitzbergen and certain lesser islands).
  8. Spain – The Treaty which entered into force on April 14, 1903, is applicable to all territories.
  9. Suriname – The Treaty with the Netherlands which entered into force December 05, 1957, was made applicable to Suriname on February 10, 1963.
  10. United Kingdom – The Convention which entered into force on July 03, 1815, applies only to British territory in Europe (the British Isles (except the Republic of Ireland), the Channel Islands and Gibraltar) and to “inhabitants” of such territory. This term, as used in the Convention, means “one who resides actually and permanently in a given place, and has his domicile there.” Also, in order to qualify for treaty trader or treaty investor status under this treaty, the alien must be a national of the United Kingdom. Individuals having the nationality of members of the Commonwealth other than the United Kingdom do not qualify for treaty trader or treaty investor status under this treaty.
  11. Yugoslavia – The U.S. view is that the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) has dissolved and that the successors that formerly made up the SFRY – Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia, Slovenia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Kosovo a continue to be bound by the treaty in force with the SFRY and the time of dissolution.
  12. The E-3 visa is for nationals of the Commonwealth of Australia who wish to enter the United States to perform services in a “specialty occupation.” The term “specialty occupation” means an occupation that requires theoretical and practical application of a body of highly specialized knowledge, and attainment of a bachelor’s or higher degree in the specific specialty (or its equivalent) as a minimum for entry into the occupation in the United States. The definition is the same as the Immigration and Nationality Act definition of an H-1B specialty occupation.
  13. Bolivia – Bolivian nationals with qualifying investments in place in the United States by June 10, 2012 continue to be entitled to E-2 classification until June 10, 2022.  The only nationals of Bolivia (other than those qualifying for derivative status based on a familial relationship to an E-2 principal alien) who may qualify for E-2 visas at this time are those applicants who are coming to the United States to engage in E-2 activity in furtherance of covered investments established or acquired prior to June 10, 2012.
  14. Ecuadorian nationals with qualifying investments in place in the United States by May 18, 2018 continue to be entitled to E-2 classification until May 18, 2028. The only nationals of Ecuador (other than those qualifying for derivative status based on a familial relationship to an E-2 principal alien) who may qualify for E-2 visas at this time are those applicants who are coming to the United States to engage in E-2 activity in furtherance of covered investments established or acquired prior to May 18, 2018.
  15. Israel: Pursuant to a treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation between the United States and Israel that entered into force on April 3, 1954 entitled nationals of Israel to E-1 status for treaty trader purposes. Nationals of Israel are not entitled to E-2 classification for treaty investor purposes under that treaty. Public Law 112-130 (June 8, 2012), accords nationals of Israel E-2 status for treaty investor purposes if the Government of Israel provides similar nonimmigrant status to nationals of the United States. The Department has confirmed that Israel offers reciprocal treaty investor treatment to U.S. nationals and E-2 visa may be issued to nationals of Israel beginning on May 1, 2019.
  16. New Zealand: Public Law 115-226, enacted on August 1, 2018, accorded nationals of New Zealand to E-1 and E-2 status for treaty trader/treaty investor purposes if the Government of New Zealand provides similar nonimmigrant status to nationals of the United States. The Department has confirmed that New Zealand offers similar nonimmigrant status to U.S. nationals and E visas may be issued to nationals of New Zealand beginning on June 10, 2019.

The SIGNET Law Firm

We are dedicated to helping foreign business invest and operate in the United States successfully. As part of our services, we specialize in helping our clients procure the E-1 and E-2 visas, which enable them to live in the U.S. while they manage and operate their businesses. 


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